Origins of Social Studies


What is Social Studies? 

  • history has dominated the discipline
  • lectures and discussions are primary teaching devices
    • occasional audio visual aids and field trips
  • homework assigned from textbooks
  • Elementary 
    • small group and independent work
    • manipulative, films, TV, computers
    • integrated approaches 
    • greater instructional variety than other subjects 
Social Studies Powerful Elements 
  • Meaningful- engaging, connects students with real world situations
  • Integrative- draws on more than one discipline, subject or skill set
  • Value-Based- strengthens students sense of democratic values and social responsibility 
  • Challenging- incorporates different perspectives and draws on students critical-thinking skills
  • Active- participatory, makes use of manipulative or physical environment 
  • ***FIVE PRINCIPALS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING***  
How People Learn? What is Learning?
  • Percentage of what we learn which is retained in memory 
    • When we read           10%
    • When we hear          20%        
    • When we see           30%
    • When we see and hear.     20%
    • When we discuss       50%
    • When we do things   75%
    • When they teach others    95%
Structure of Knowledge: 
Jerome Bruner

  • bottom of triangle to top:
    • facts 
    • concepts 
    • generalizations 
    • metacognition-thinking about your own thinking and allows you to regulate and how you can apply that to your life
  • Educational Philosophies 
    • Re-constructional
    • existentialism
    • Progressivism
    • perennialism/Essentialism
Models, Strategies, and Methods

  • MODELS- approach to teaching
    • behavioral theory- major focus is to see behavior, it is done by setting a stimuli
    • Information-processing- give students the tools they need in order to understand. It is designed  around engaging different types of memory.
    • Social interactive- to get students to work together and interact 
    • Personal- helps students with self identity, self esteem, give them individual projects 
  • STRATEGIES
    • Direct- bring students together with singles of attention, activate prior knowledge
      • teach and repeat, guided practice, independent practice, I do, you do, we do
      • Strategy 
    • Indirect/Cognitive- learning through exploring and explaining things
      • inquiry method 
    • Indirect/interactive- teacher is doing everything, give students tasks to learn and create with others 
      • jigsaw method 
      • role play 
      • simulation 
    • Indirect/Individual- students complete tasks and explain on their own
  • METHODS- ways of teaching
    • demonstrations 
    • guided practice
    • lecture
Instruction
  •  Personal/Independent Study/Experimental
  • Social-interactive
  • Information-processing/indirect/cognitive
  • Behavioral/Direct
Goal- a bigger picture, something you want to accomplish, general statement of what students achieve by the end of the unit plan, use words like comprehend, know understand, all about generalization 

What are Building Blocks/Components of Objectives?
  • behavior 
  • condition- starts with given, based on lesson being taught verbs will be different 
    • ex: given a graphic organizer on exploring the world students will list (if direct instruction) 
  • criteria 
Unit Plan Design

  • Direct- explain (lecture)
  • Indirect/Cognitive (inquiry)
  • Indirect/Social
  • Indirect/Personal 
                                      •  

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